Biography of Emmanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Life story of Emmanuel Kant Essay Referred to by numerous individuals in the field as the dad of current way of thinking, Immanuel Kant addressed a significant number of the presumptions held in his day. He concentrated a lot of his work on the domain of human idea, comprehension, and potential. His thoughts regarding perception, learning, and experientialism set the trend for all savants who tailed him. Conceived in the mid 1720s, Kant lived in what was known as East Prussia (presently a piece of Kaliningrad, Russia). There, he had the option to make sure about an encouraging situation for almost ten years when he started working at Konigsberg University. He would stay a piece of their staff for almost five decades adding to the ascent and fame of theory of the day. Very little more is thought about Kant’s before life. He went on to having a few of his pieces distributed, albeit none were an accurate collection of memoirs. In his Critique of Pure Reason, he talked about and raised intriguing focuses about human information. Instrumental on Kant’s own thoughts was crafted by scholar David Hume, who concurred that human experience could be utilized for seeing, yet that it ought not be utilized to clarify each wonder we experience in nature or in reality. Kant based upon this thought. He expressed that new encounters could be detailed dependent on past encounters since it our past that encourages us find out about our future. He accepted that the human brain sorted out occasions and thoughts into classes that could be gotten to later to decide how we may respond in a specific encounter. He concocted the word to depict the mystery of comprehension: noumena. Kant’s own contentions about the presence of God were likewise not all around acknowledged at his time. He accepted that man couldn't justify God since it was not something that we had encountered previously. At the end of the day, we may have the option to credit certain qualities to Him, however it is at last constrained by our own human comprehension of the universe. Fundamentally, we would never approach genuinely understanding what god's identity is and anticipate what He will do. |[pic] |. Memoir of Emmanuel Kant. (2016, Nov 16).

Case Study of Ms Foley-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Refer to the case situation gave beneath to Ms Foley who has been determined to have intense pneumonic oedema. From the appraisal data in the situation, you are to dissect the data given and afterward complete two (2) graphs Observation Chart and Fluid Balance Chart (FBC). 2.Explain the between proficient model of care required for Ms Foley while in medical clinic. You are to incorporate the most fitting national nursing administrative measures connected to Ms Foleys care. A beginning stage is to peruse the Registered Nurse Standards for Practice (NMBA 2016). Answers: Presentation and diagram This task is about a patient named Ms. Martha Foley, a multi year old woman who is experiencing intense aspiratory oedema and was conceded in the emergency clinic preceding 5 days in view of post multi-injury brought about by a fender bender. She is additionally experiencing different cracks in the two legs and smoke inward breath as being caught in vehicle for 15 minutes. This paper has been isolated into two sections. Section 1 contains the depiction of Ms. Foley and her history alongside the treatment in the emergency clinic and the examination of the Observation Chart and Fluid Balance Chart. It additionally contains a concise portrayal of intense pneumonic oedema, its pathophysiology and the ramifications of nursing evaluation of this circumstance. Section 2 contains the between proficient model of care required for Ms Foley while in clinic. 1.Clinical appraisal Ms. Foley is an all day laborer at a general store and is a survivor of aggressive behavior at home from her previous accomplice. She had a decent relationship and backing from her companions and associates. The day of the mishap she and her companion Ms. Annie Jones were going in a similar vehicle. Ms. Jones was likewise conceded in a similar emergency clinic. Ms. Foley was a smoker of 10 cigarettes for each day and furthermore consumption medications, for example, methamphetamines IV and cocaine. Be that as it may, dont drink liquor and is a veggie lover. She had experienced left sided cardiovascular breakdown before and is treated via cardiomyopathy. Liquid parity outline portrays that Ms. Foley is given compound Sodium acetic acid derivation was given intravenously from 01:00 am to 08:00 am at 200mls every hour and just 100mls is depleted out through pee. It has been appeared in index 1. Perception graph depicts about the general states of being of Ms. Foley during the hour of her confirmation in the emergency clinic. The accompanying things were estimated: Respiratory rate 16-20 inhale/min O2 Saturation 95-97% Air conveyance technique RA Circulatory strain 120/40-150/80 mmHg Heartbeat rate 70-90 thumps/min Temperature 36.6-37.0 ? Awareness/Sedation 0 Agony score 0-5 Use of pathophysiology Intense pneumonic oedema is a sort of ailment wherein the alveoli gets topped off with liquid and the individual can't relax. As the liquid gets collected makes misbalance in return of gases and prompts dyspnoea and hypoxia. Intense aspiratory oedema (APO) is brought about by two principle instruments. The first system is heights in quite a while because of extreme increment in intra-heart weight of chambers and second is serious lung injury causing increment in aspiratory vascular penetrability (Liesching et al. 2014). Pneumonic oedema caused because of lung injury is named as intense respiratory misery condition (ARDS) while aspiratory oedema which is because of intense heights in aspiratory small scale vascular weights is named intense cardiogenic pneumonic oedema (Lavin et al. 2015). The pathophysiology of these two sorts of oedema is practically extraordinary because of which their medications are additionally unique. This record relates explicitly to intense cardiogenic aspiratory oedema (Zeiss 2016). Pathophysiology Intense cardiogenic pneumonic oedema is brought about by an extraordinary ischemic event realizing cardiovascular brokenness. Extreme diastolic frustration may in like manner be caused from hypertension and atherosclerosis. Less for the most part the extreme sight may be discretionary to other basic events, for instance, serious valvular issue or arrhythmia (Elias et al. 2015). The intense heart brokenness that occurs from a foundation set apart by myocardial ischemia achieves extended cardiovascular end diastolic loads which consequently result in raised pneumonic smaller scale vascular loads and the improvement of extreme cardiogenic aspiratory oedema (Vlaar and Juffermans 2013). There is a lessening in cardiovascular yield with following strong institution of the mindful tangible framework and the renin-angiotensin structure. This results in lifted blood loads and extended postponed outcomes on the heart beginning a gooey pattern of extended myocardial oxygen demand and further reducing in cardiovascular yield (Luks et al. 2014). In the issues of cardiovascular breakdown there are homeostatic frameworks that fast fluid upkeep and pneumonic blockage. In APO there may be beginning of fluid top off, anyway the basic pathophysiology won't be dependent on the benchmark fluid status. It is noteworthy that s number of these patients is hemoconcentrated on presentation due to the get-together of up to 2 liters of fluid in their lungs (Spoletini et al. 2015). They may then show up hemodiluted 24 hours afterward when they are in the recovery stage. Figuratively speaking they radiate an impression of being bearing a progressively conspicuous plasma volume starting at now, which is intriguing that the issue isn't in a general sense a fluid over-trouble issue. All around of APO the issue is less fluid bounty; rather it is a case of fluid in an inappropriate compartment, (intra-alveolar, instead of intra-vascular) (Duffy et al. 2015). Nursing care plan The nursing care plan relies on the presence of the patients respiratory status. To play out the evaluation of nursing care for intense pneumonic oedema the medical attendant must watch the people reactions (Akoumianaki et al. 2014). To survey the respiratory rate, force, and exertion, including nasal flaring, and strange examples of relax. To survey the lungs to find the territories of diminished ventilation. To screen the psychological status of the patient for start of disturbance, disarray, and outrageous tiredness. To screen the side effects of atelectasis: bronchial or cylindrical hints of breathing, snaps, decreased chest blockage, and move of trachea to the influenced side. To screen the modification in Blood Pressure. To watch the nail beds, skin cyanosis and mucous layers of mouth. To screen oxygen immersion constantly, utilizing beat oximeter. Screen the impacts changes in position during oxygenation (ABGs), venous oxygen immersion and heartbeat oximetry. To evaluate the capacity of patient to discharge out mucous by hacking. Observe the amount, shading, and consistency of the sputum. Assess the patients hydration status. Mind Hgb levels. Screen chest x-beam reports Nursing Interventions Coming up next are the remedial nursing mediations foracute pneumonic oedema: A medical caretaker must check the patients position normally so she should not tumble from bed. The medical caretaker must turn the patient after like clockwork and screen the venous oxygen dispersion subsequent to turning. On the off chance that it dips under 10% or neglects to come back to benchmark instantly, transform the patient go into a prostrate position and assess oxygen status. On the off chance that patient is experiencing corpulence, at that point change the patient to Trendelenburg position at 45 degrees which can be endured by the patient. On the off chance that the patient is incredibly dyspnoeic, attempt the patient to hang over a bedside table, in the event that it is fair by tolerant. Keep up the oxygen conveying gadget according to the guidance, which can keep up oxygen immersion. Abstain from expanding the convergence of oxygen to the patients with COPD. Empower or help with ambulation according to doctors request. Help the patient to take full breath and control hacking. To help the patient to breathe in profoundly, at that point holding the breath for certain seconds, and hack for a few times by keeping the mouth open. Support moderate profound breathing utilizing a motivating force spirometer as showed. For postoperative patients, help with bracing the chest. Oxygen conveying gadgets The underlying administration of patients with cardiogenic pneumonic edema (CPE) should address the ABCs of revival, that is, aviation route, breathing, and dissemination. Oxygen ought to be controlled to all patients to keep oxygen immersion at more prominent than 90%. Any related arrhythmia or MI ought to be dealt with properly (Lumb 2016). Strategies for oxygen conveyance consolidate the use of a face covering, non-meddling weight bolster ventilation (which joins bi-level positive aeronautics course weight [BiPAP] and steady positive aviation route pressure [CPAP]), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (Stocker et al. 2014). The technique that will be used depends upon the vicinity of hypoxemia and acidosis and on the patient's degree of insight. For example, intubation and mechanical ventilation may wind up perceptibly significant in occasions of vigorous hypoxemia, acidosis, or changed mental status. The usage of non-meddling weight support ventilation in acidotic patients with genuine extreme cardiogenic aspiratory oedema doesn't emit an impression of being connected with horrible outcomes (early mortality and intubation rates) in these patients (Adam, Osborne and Welch 2017). Pharmacological employments of frusamide Intravenous: Starting portion: Frusamide is given intravenously and the dose is 20-40 mg (gradually for 1 to 2 minutes) or may build the measurements by 20 mg later by 2 hours after the past portion until the ideal diuretic impact has been acquired. Use: Treatment of oedema related with congestive cardiovascular breakdown, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal ailment, including the nephrotic disorder, particularly when an operator with more noteworthy diuretic potential is wanted (Soni et al. 2017). Oral: Starting portion: 20 to 80 mg orally once; may rehash with a similar portion or increment by 20 or 40 mg no sooner than 6 to

A College Essay Crash Course for Super Procrastinators

A College Essay Crash Course for Super Procrastinators A College Essay Crash Course for Super Procrastinators A College Essay Crash Course for Super Procrastinators How did it come to this? It’s the last week and you still have essays left to write. It happens every year and you are not alone. Bolt the doors. Throw your phone into the ocean. You are on college essay lock down. You still have time to walk yourself through the basic paces of topic selection and drafting, but you have to start now and work steadily. To keep you company and guide you, we have put together a 9-video YouTube crash course on the college essay that will run you through the basic steps you need to throw together a last-minute essay that’s a cut above the rest. Well, what are you waiting for? Press play. How did it come to this? It’s the last week and you still have essays left to write. It happens every year and you are not alone. Bolt the doors. Throw your phone into the ocean. You are on college essay lock down. You still have time to walk yourself through the basic paces of topic selection and d About Rebecca SemenetzView all posts by Rebecca Semenetz »

Living in Social Classes in Jane Austins Novels - 816 Words

Jane Austin is a great author from the 1800s. I really enjoyed the few books of hers, that I did get around to reading .I enjoyed the movie adaptions even more, Jane focused on things she thought about and used humor to point out the lives of the middle class, the wealthy, nobility, and families in different financial standings, battling to keep up or with their social status. Jane puts most of her focus and writing into the importance of marriage. She lived with her family her entire life and she did not get married. Jane began writing stories as a kid to entertain her friends. In spite of the fact that she had finished writing Pride and Prejudice in 1798, she published her first book, Sense and Sensibility, in 1811. Mansfield Park and Emma came soon after in a couple of years. Austen published her books anonymously. Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were published in 1818, after she died. Jane was a respected as author. In 1925, Sanditon, a book that Jane was in the middle of writing, before she had died was published. In many authors and readers opinions, she was one the best English authors ever. The main line in Pride and Prejudice is It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. This one line says everything; it shows her level of intelligence she used in writing this novel by taking customary subjects, for example, wooing and marriage and cleverly writi ng about them. Pride andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jane Austin and Pride Prejudice1457 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austin is currently known today as one of the women who first developed the ideas related to feminism (Abrams). Jane’s work became prevalent in English literature during time of transition from neo-classicism to romanticism (Abrams). She was influenced by a number of other literary figures of her time, and by the society in which she lived. Her writing sometimes reflected earlier writers, whom she sometimes mocked because they always portrayed a perfect world in their writing and the world wasRead More Jane Austins Pride and Prejudice Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesJane Austins Pride and Prejudice Attitudes to love and marriage in the nineteenth century was very different from the comparatively liberal approach of today, and strict codes of etiquette were applied to Courtship for all but the lower classes of society. At the time of Pride and Prejudice, womens role was firmly in the home and the young ladies portrayed in this middle and upper class, occupied themselves with singing, playing the piano, sewing and other such accomplishments thatRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesTopics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 Critical

The Teacher Who Changed My Life - 1247 Words

Summer break was over, and it was the time to go back to school to my eleventh grade. School for me wasn’t that different as my summer break. I never felt like not going to school after a long summer break because I used to have a lot of fun in school. School for me was a place where you would socialize, gossip, brag, drive attention, miss conduct, daydream, text students, sing, ask silly questions and flirt with girls. I think now you know how my days at school used to be. However, a day has come that I would not expect it to come at all. I suddenly became a much disciplined student that I would not do anything out of the way. It all happened when I meet my new physics professor Jamal Betar who has wonderful qualities that amaze him from†¦show more content†¦However, he gives the answers for the exam in such a way that they would look very easy and similar to the ones that we did in class. Even though a lot of people fail the exams the curve for the grades helps that it turns out at the end most of the class succeeding. His exams truly indeed gave me discipline to study because when you aim to get a good grade in a hard exam is way better than aiming in an easy exam. I have always wanted to ask him if he has ever studied psychology in his life because he literally could understand student’s expectations. Betar is a very clever teacher. I have been told that a teacher can never read a student’s mind and I believed that. However, after I meet Betar I do believe now that a teacher could read a student’s mind. Betar is very good in knowing students expectations. Based on what he expects from you he will interact. Especially in case of an argument; he directly supports his point of view with a reasoning that contradicts your thoughts. Betar’s reasoning was always convincing that he never lost an argument. Students in his class are well-behaved after all not for he is a strict teacher, but for his great interactions between the students that nobody wanted to let him down. After I meet Betar I became a new person who would appreciate school and knowledge. My life style at school completely changed I became a very hard-wor king student. 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The teacher that I mentioned above is truly exceptionalRead MoreRichard Rodriguez : The Son Of Mexican Immigrants977 Words   |  4 Pageslives incompatible to each other – his life at home and school. Rodriguez revered his teachers and aspired to be like them, mimicking many of their opinions and physical gestures. At an early age, Rodriguez realized there was a separation between his school life and home life. There were certain things that could only be shared at home or at school. When Rodriguez read The Uses of Literacy by Richard Hoggart, he encountered a term that described his way of life – the scholarship boy. Rodriguez wasRead MoreEducation Is Suffering From Narration Sickness1638 Words   |  7 Pages changed and this particular journal also helped emphasis this change. I’ve learned through my own personal experiences that some students don’t learn the same way. Many of the teachers that I have had, have always presented the information through powerpoint or just lecturing, kind of like college, but not all students learn the best through this way. One of Freire s quotes from the article is, â€Å"Education is suffering from narration sickness.† This is an important quote to me from this articleRead MoreMy Mother and Her Sacrifices Helped Me Learn to Play an Instrument and Improve My Grades765 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough I have many people who impacted my life, the most significant one life is my mom. She is the sole person who is responsible for making me who I am today and shaped the life I lead. My mother taught me how to read, write, play the violin and piano, and study. With her guidance, I can go to school to increase my knowledge and make friends. Be cause she did all of this for me out of love, she has changed my world and the opportunities to come my way. When I was attending to kindergarten, I startedRead MoreMy Schooling Experiences Formed A Positive Outlook On American Education1666 Words   |  7 Pages My schooling experiences formed a positive outlook on American education. Throughout my schooling, I was fortunate to have the most influential teachers that assisted me into becoming who I am today. I was a student who struggled until the 8th grade. Luckily, my teachers took their time to tutor me one on one after and before school. One teacher, in particular, had the greatest impact on my education and is the reason why I did not give on learning. Reading and writing were my worst subjects

Commercal Production Of Bovine Somatropin Free Essays

Somatropin is a hormone naturally released by the Anterior Pituitary gland. Its release is mediated by the releasing hormone produced by the Hypothalamus, Growth Hormone releasing factor. Somatropin is a peptide hormone. We will write a custom essay sample on Commercal Production Of Bovine Somatropin or any similar topic only for you Order Now It promotes normal body growth and lactation. Bovine Somatropin is the Somatropin produced in cattle. Since the hormone is a peptide, it is digested by peptidases in the gastrointestinal tract hence, it is not orally active. Somatropin is produced commercially using Recombinant DNA technology. The Somatropin so produced is called Recombinant bovine Somatropin (rBST). A bacteria e. g. E coli is used. The gene that codes for Somatropin is identified in the cow DNA and inserted into the DNA of E. coli. The E. coli is fermented and thus, the Somatropin is produced en masse. Through a process of isolation and purification, fairly large, commercial quantities are produced. The product may be marketed as a weekly or fortnightly injection. rBST is of immense value to the cattle industry as it significantly increases the yield of milk produced by cattle. This is does by increasing the appetite of these cattle. Also the blood flow to the mammary gland is increased as it increases cardiac output. Also it has been reported in literature that the administration of Somatropin leads to a decrease in body fat level. This could mean healthier meats to eat. However, it produces a negative influence on the level of reproduction in animals chronically on bovine Somatropin. Also an increased risk of mastitis is also suggested in animals on which the hormone is administered. REFERENCES. 1. F. Laurent, B. Vignon and D. Coomas (1992). Influence of Bovine Somatotropin on the Composition and Manufacturing Properties of Milk. Accessed from http://www. jds. fass. org/cgi/reprint/75/8/2226. pdf 2. http://encyclopedia. farlex. c How to cite Commercal Production Of Bovine Somatropin, Papers

Violence in Rap Music free essay sample

Assist Green Mrs.. Hunt Research Paper 1 March 2013 Violence in Rap music Rap music has become more of a distinctive music genre over the past few decades. Rap music and hip hop is only good for dance and for parties too. Sources of information that describe people growing oppression, and declining for advancement. Its sounds, Images, and attitude consist of the people, races and cultures. There are many rappers In the business who use negative and bad language such as Grandmaster Flash, Run DIM, Public Enemy, Ice-T. N. W. A. , Ice Cube,Salt n EPA, Queen Latish, Www-Tang Clan, and Snoop Doggy Dog. Most of these rappers are the most influential and controversial groups in the history of African American rap music . The violence largely came from rowdy gangs in the audience. The people of today should encourage them to stay in school and avoid drugs and gangs. The different clothing, Jewelry, and hairstyles changed rapidly and often reflected most groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Violence in Rap Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Violent lyrics cause violent behavior. Rap music is an art form that reflects life. Rap music created a commercial product.Between rap lyrics and lenience they are overvalued. Hip hop is form of art and expression just as any of kind of music. When rappers rap they speak upon what happen in their life or what happen in the hood. In today society as black folks we are the most Influence people of the race. Why? The beats, rhythms, and lyrics we listen to make us do what others do. The violence In rap music Is Increasing worldwide and the younger generation Is affected by it. The words rappers say make people out here in the world behave a certain way.Such as killing, harassment, bullying, and rape. The music is being criticized by the crime, violence, racism and misogyny. In the news everyday there is something a rapper says that affect the people. It is negative. Some of the music is a form of stereotypical. The way the rapper talks about the hood life, drugs, hustling, pimping, and shooting one another. It affects younger children and the way they will grow up. There should be more positive things going on In the music Industry. In the industry there are some good and bad music artists. I believe in the late ass their ere some good music, now in my generalization the music industry is just all about the money life. It has a large in impact on the children today. Today all I hear about is the money, drugs, gangs, and clothes. It hurt me that in today society we are Just focus on who coming out or whats coming out next. The rap music tell people how to eat, what to wear, what gang to be In, what to smoke, how to talk to women wrong. That should not be in the music industry. We should listen to things like school, education, and the good things to do. Violence shows the negative and wrong things.Violence is the genres primary commodity and its currently of choice. The lyrics that kids and adults listen to make them do the things that they never through they would do. Teens that spend most of their time watching the sex and violence depicted In the gangster rap music video are likely to practice this behavior action In real life. Is the way of expressing the way life is on the streets. There are a lot of people who can tell their life stories because most of them went though things like that. Some people get upset over the things like whats hood is doing the most.

German Culture essays

German Culture essays During spring break of my senior year in high school two of my closest friends and I went to Austria and Germany, for a ski trip. It was probably the most cathartic time of my life. My high school experience was the most stressful time of my life, but my two friends and I left all of that in the states. I had been taking German for four years, but it was on this trip that I realized that this was where I wanted to live. The German culture and I are completely harmonious. Just thinking about the Germans mixture of calm collective efficiency and socializing brings me out of the worst day. When I first stepped off the plane in the Munich airport the entire place was silent. The Germans people are quiet, even when in public. When I went there and did not get a single headache, I realized how loud Americans are. I am a very quiet person, and Americans in general are loud and questioning. One of the reasons Americans are disliked by most Europeans is because they are always asking questions and want to know what is going on. Europeans are very quiet and collective. They only talk to people they know. Most of the time in larger cities, they wont even say hello when you pass them on the street. If a European has an acquaintance, they generally will only say hello. Americans will ask them about their day, and their extended familys. Europeans think this is rude, and so do I. Germans are the most efficient people on the planet. When the Germans built the Autobahns in the 1930s they made them perfect so that their citizens could travel with complete efficiency. They made it wind slowly so that people would not fall asleep at the wheel. They made rules so that it would be completely safe. They are to drive on the right side of the road unless passing. They cannot eat, drink, talk on the phone, or even rest one of their hands. They must have both hands on the wheel at all times unless shifting or working other necessary c...

Everything you need to know about severance pay

Everything you need to know about severance pay For most of us, our professional lives are filled with a series of highs and lows that mark the journey along our individual career paths- highs that include praise for good performance, promotions and new work responsibilities, salary increases, and new challenges, as well as lows that include disappointment, frustration, burnout, and getting fired. If you’ve ever experience getting fired, you’re well aware that it can be one of the most difficult experiences a person can go through in life- on top of the professional setbacks and loss of purpose and identity that can come with losing a job, the financial repercussions can have a severe, profound, and lasting adverse effect.Getting fired is never something to look forward to, and most of us work hard to avoid it; but the truth is that despite our efforts there are times in our lives when things happen that we can’t prevent or control. If you’re newly unemployed or worried about getting fired, you may be t rying to figure out what financial options are available to you to help offset the loss of a regular paycheck, including the possibility of getting severance pay.What is severance pay?According to the U.S. Department of Labor, severance pay is a financial benefit that’s often granted to employees upon termination of employment. It’s designed to help ease the often-abrupt transition from gainful employment and a regular paycheck to the loss of guaranteed income that characterizes unemployment. One important thing to note is that severance pay it not a given; it is not a universal right granted to all employees, nor is it protected by the government under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Instead, severance pay is typically an agreed upon financial arrangement between an employer and employee, and the amount received is usually based upon such factors as final salary at the time of employment termination and length of employment. In addition, the reason(s) surrounding your job loss may be a significant factor regarding whether or not you’re eligible for severance pay- for example, you’re much more likely to be offered severance pay if you’re laid off due to the financial hardship or restructuring of your employer vs. getting fired for cause.How do you know if you’re entitled to severance pay?Although it’s at the discretion of your employer to offer severance to help employees cope with job loss, there are three potential scenarios that may help you quickly determine that you’re entitled:It’s a predetermined and previously agreed upon aspect of your employment contractIt’s an established company policy for all employees where you workYou’re entitled to severance under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN Act), a U.S. labor law that stipulates that any employer with 100 or more employees must give a minimum of 60 days of notice of a mass layoff, and failure to do so will entitle you to legally protected severance payIssues to keep in mind when navigating severanceIf your employer has a professional HR person on staff, consider utilizing them to get your questions regarding severance pay answered (HR professionals are trained to handle employee issues with discretion). Also, keep in mind that severance pay is short-term financial guidance- and it’s subject to taxation since it’s considered income- so having additional savings or alternate means of financial support to help you should you get fired would be a wise plan. Furthermore, acceptance of severance usually requires you to accept the full terms of your employer’s termination of your employment agreement; make sure you know precisely what this entails before accepting.Getting fired is never easy, but having a solid financial plan- which may include severance pay- to help you make ends meet while you’re unemployed can make a difficult time significantly less s tressful. Know your rights and know what you’re due, and you’ll be putting yourself at your best possible advantage.

USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere (War of 1812) Research Paper

USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere (War of 1812) - Research Paper Example Secondly, an overview of both ships shall then be presented. Lastly, this paper will establish a critical analysis of the battle in the larger context of the war. Concluding remarks shall end this discussion. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a more thorough and critical understanding of the clash between the two aforementioned ships, including their place in the momentous War of 1812. Body War of 1812 The War of 1812 is considered a war between the US and Britain. The US declared war against Britain for many reasons, mostly related to the trade restrictions which Britain imposed on the US as an offshoot of its war with France1. The US was also declaring its protest against Britain for the latter’s practice in the impressment (seizing sailors into public service) of American sailors into its own navy. Britain was also supporting American Indians on their actions against American expansion2. The US was also outraged over the insults on its national identity following its humiliation on the high seas, and lastly, the war was also said to be brought on by the American desire to conquer Canada3. Initially, Britain employed defensive tactics on Upper and Lower Canada in an attempt to push back invading American troops. However, American troops soon successfully annexed Lake Erie in 1813, going on to control parts of Western Ontario, thereby ending any hope of an Indian confederacy and an Independent Indian country under British protection4. General Andrew Jackson was also able to overwhelm military troops of the Creek nation in 1814. When Napoleon was defeated in 1814, however, Britain employed more aggressive tactics, and deployed more invasion troops5. Soon after, British victories were seen, resulting in the capture and destruction of Washington, D.C. American troops were nevertheless able to push back British troops out of New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans. The war was fought at sea through British and American warships and through privateers who then proceeded to attack the merchant ships for either side6. Britain also implemented a blockade of the Atlantic coast of the US, thereby launching raids during the late stages of the war. American victories at sea were mostly single ship battles and battles against Britain provincial ships on the Great Lakes7. The land and the sea battles were seen on the frontier, covering the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River. In the South and Gulf coasts, major skirmishes between the battling parties were seen, and the US troops successfully pushed out the British forces at New Orleans8. Invasions of each other’s territories were rampant throughout the war however, most of these invasions were temporary as neither side was able to establish more permanent annexations. By the end of the war, both sides were able to conquer each other’s territories9. In the end, the Treaty of Ghent restored the territories of either party. USS Constitution The USS Constitution was a battle ship of the US Navy. It was wooden-hulled and was a three-masted heavy frigate dubbed by President George Washington after the US Constitution10. It was also the world’s oldest commissioned naval ship. In 1797, the USS Constitution began its journey, joining six original frigates constructed under mandate from the Naval Act of 179411. It was built in Boston and her initial functions as a

Compose own question Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compose own question - Literature review Example In general, this study presumes that the potential success of Shangri-la hotel was very much dependent on the company’s ability to meet the needs and wants of prospective clients. Therefore, this study aims to address the following research questions: (1) What are the branding strategies currently being used by Shangri-la hotel?; (2) How does Shangri-la hotel benefit from its branding strategies?; and (3) What is the significance of brand positioning and branding within the modern international tourism industry? Chapter II – Literature Review 2.1 Current Branding Strategies of Shangri-la Hotel First of all, it is essential to take note that the target customers of Shangri-la are the influential people who are able to pay first-rate price for its food and lodging services. Meaning, this particular hotel company has positioned its brand as one that offers luxury hotel products and services (Shangri-La, 2013a). This explains why Shangri-la continuously serve the best quali ty products and maintains its stylish, modern, and motivational architectural and interior design (Shangri-La, 2013c). As a result, Shangri-la created a competitive advantage which allows them to charge its customers with hotel accommodation fee much higher than the fee of other hotels worldwide (Schmitt and Rogers, 2008, p. 79). Generally, multinational companies such as Shangri-la uses a global advertising strategy as part of their global campaigns (Jiang and Wei, 2012). To establish and reinforce Shangri-la’s brand image, the top management of this particular hotel group uses either social networking sites or e-mail when advertising and promoting their special offers on bridal packages among others (Facebook, 2013). In some cases, Shangri-la has posted its special offers on bridal magazines (Shangri-La, 2013d). Customers’ satisfaction is strongly influenced by its brand image. In most cases, customers who are satisfied with what they receive from the hotel may end u p developing a stronger brand recognition and eventually remain loyal to the brand (Clottey, Collier and Stodnick, 2008). To bring high quality service, Shangri-la offers important training and development programme for the benefit of its employees (Shangri-La, 2013e). Not all people can afford the high price of Shangri-la’s accommodation rate. Associated to the brand of Shangri-la, this particular hotel company created a separate brand and eventually positioned it as a hotel that offers cheaper and more affordable rate for its hotel service (Kerry Hotels, 2013). For example, â€Å"Traders Hotel† was established to serve the lodging needs of the price-sensitive clients worldwide (Traders Hotels, 2013). To serve the Chinese community in Beijing, Shangri-la established the â€Å"Kerry Hotel† sometime in 2011 (Kerry Hotels, 2013). 2.2 Advantages of Shangri-La’s Existing Branding Strategies Advertising is necessary to create brand familiarity or make Shangri- la’s target customers feel special and associated with the brand (Fuchs, 2008). Often times, brand familiarity increases not only the customers’

Analysis of Structuralism in 47 Ronin

Analysis of Structuralism in 47 Ronin THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURALISM IN A WESTERN FILM ENTITLED 47 RONIN DIRECTED BY CARL RINSCH AS THE IMAGING OF AMERICAN DREAM Capritia Dirgantari ABSTRACT Media or medium in singular form is the main means of mass communication that addressed to society. The author chooses 47 Ronin directed by Carl Rinsch to be the focus of this analysis which specified to discuss the ‘American dream’ that reflecting from this film. The objectives of this analysis are to identify, describe and analyze influences that given by media to the society. The author uses descriptive as the method of this analysis and applies Structuralism theory to examine the scenes of this film that represents the ‘American dream’. Structuralism theory emphasizes how films deliver its meaning by the utilization of languages that are used to establish purposes in communication. The result findings show that film as one of media represents ‘American dream’ that related to the society mindset, unconsciously or consciously. The author hopes the readers get better understanding of Structuralism theory in analyzing a film and comprehend the m eaning of ‘American dream’ that influencing the societies. Keywords: Media, Film, American dream, Structuralism INTRODUCTION The influence of mass media has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. First there were books, newspapers, magazines, photography, sound recordings, films, radio, television, and internet.Nowadays, everyone depends on information and communication to keep their lives moving through their daily activities like work, education, entertainment, personal relationships, and the other stuff with which we are involved.Societies gather much information that they needed from those media sources. Raymond Williams estimates that media can be defined in three senses: historical sense; technical sense; and etymological sense. Historical sense is an intervening substance or agency and technical sense means medium as communicating message to public. Williams also defines etymological sense of the media as a capitalist sense which developed during the nineteenth century (Williams, 1983). Media became profitable enterprises during this era because its commercials features produce generati ng business for example like advertisements, video clips, and films. America was one of the capitalist states that introduce the famous term of ‘American Dream’ and tons of films have been made in here. The author chooses a western film entitled 47 Ronin directed by Carl Rinsch as the main focus of this analysis to interpret how big ‘American Dream’ influences the public from the structure of this film. 47 Ronin is a 2013 American fantasy action film representing a fictional account of the real group of ronin—a samurai with no master—in 18th era of Japan, who revenged the death of their lord commonly called as ChÃ…Â «shingura. This film was directed by Carl Rinsch and produced by Universal Studios. 47 Ronin costs $152 million for making all scenes and visuals which crowned as the second most expensive box office ever behind The 13th Warrior film (Kit, 2012). Another favored feature of this film is the protagonist character was acted by famous actor Keanu Reeves and other five Japanese actors: Sanada Hiroyuki; Rinko Kikuchi; Tadanobu Asano; Jin Akanishi; and Kou Shibasaki. Universal Studios chooses those five Japanese actors to create better storyline and more genuine than choosing actors who was too mainstream in the United States, even though the scenario in this film giving no resemblance to the origin story of ChÃ…Â «shingura. This film broadly tells about a group of ronin who revenge to the death of their master. The story begins when Lord Asano accompany with samurai of Ako, find an unknown boy—Kai—and allow him to stay in province of Ako. Years later, Lord Asano arranges welcoming event dedicated to the arrival of the Shogun and Lord Kira in Ako. After that, conflicts emerge until Lord Asano penalized to obligating suicide by the Shogun’s order, called as Lord Ieayashu. Time after time the groups of ronin realize this tragedy happened because of Lord Kira, then the group of ronin led by Oishi and Kai sets up for revenge against the Shoguns order (Dresner, 2013). The author chooses this film because it reflects the definition of ‘American Dream’. The definition of ‘American dream’ in this analysis is someone’s struggle for achieving a high position to become recognizable by other people and it has triggered the passion of people from generation to generation (americanradioworks.publicradio.org, 2015). American dream popularized by American people and it is also valid for everyone from other countries to find their opportunities in foreign countries. The American dream offers the freedom of each people to make decisions that render better life; the freedom to wish better dreams; the freedom to gaining prosperity; and the opportunity to lead a dignified life (Adams, 1931). Hence, the author uses Structuralism theory in order to find out the main purpose of this analysis. The structuralism film theory explains in what manner films deliver its meaning by the utilization of languages that are used to establish purp oses in communication (Storey, 2009). An example of this is to understand how combination of scenes can create an additional idea, in this case ‘the American Dream’ portrayed in this film and affecting the societies. ANALYSIS This chapter intends to analyze the implicit meanings from ‘American Dream’ in scenes of 47 Ronin by using Structuralism theory. Structuralism assumes a film or any other kind of media as a signifying system, a set of patterns or relationships within the society. First of all, the author gives a brief explanation about Structuralism theory used in media. Ferdinand de Saussure, the founder of modern structural linguistics in the 1960s, in his essay ‘Object of Study’ theorized his structuralism assessment of language and he also shows the basis of structuralism theory (Eagleton 84). This essay states the role of communication tracts which substituted from one person to other person. Saussure explains that someone must omit the individual act to understand this communication tract, which he has concluded it as social phenomenon (Saussure, 1959). This study related to Claude Levi-Strauss’ the ‘unconscious foundations’ of culture, he argues th at to understand this structure we could correctly comprehend the meaning by discovering the value of myths (Levi-Strauss, 1968: 209). Myths purpose to provide stories that bring peace towards the existence of people. To understand the social meaning of a myth, Will Wright introduces the power of Western which symbolizes deep conceptualization of American social beliefs that contain of three stages: ‘classic’; ‘transition theme’; and ‘professional’ (Wright, 1975). The author describes each stage that mentioned above by proving some scenes taken from 47 Ronin film. According to Wright, the ‘classic’ stage divided into sixteen narrative ‘functions’ (Propp, 1968) which are: The hero enters a social group This happens in the prologue of 47 ronin film when Lord Asano the leader of Ako province saved Kai the protagonist character to live along with Ako society. The hero is unknown to the society In the early beginning of this film, there are scenes that explain the unknown background of the protagonist character. The narrator said, â€Å"No one knows where is he come from or how he arrived in Ako province†. The hero is revealed to have an exceptional ability After Lord Asano takes Kai to his territory, he said that he saw something special inside Kai that no one has seen before. The society recognizes a difference between themselves and the hero. The hero is given a special status This occurs when Oishi, a ronin who asked help from Kai which at the first time Oishi underestimates him. And this recognition continues when Oishi gave him a sword which is inherited from Basho, a comrade who died. The society does not completely accept the hero Unfortunately, one of the other ronin did not accept Kai’s existence in this group. He assumed that Kai is not a samurai and have no clear background of his life. There is a conflict of interests between the villain and the society Meanwhile the antagonist character, Lord Kira has ulterior motive to reigns the Ako province by using witchcraft. The villains are stronger than society. The society is weak In this film, Lord Kira has stronger troops and supernatural beings that can give adverse spells to Ako society. Contrast with Ako society who does not accept any witchcraft and they just rely on human strength. There is a strong respect between the hero and the villain Both Lord Asano and Lord Kira has mutual respect as the leader of province and each year they arrange a friendly competition. The villains threaten the society After Lord Kira made Lord Asano committed suicide—in this context commonly known as hara-kiri, Ako society has no power to avenge his death because it has a big risk to their future. The hero avoids involvement in the conflict When Oishi asked Kai for help, Kai denied it because he feels underestimate at the first time. But then Oishi gives explanation that he was wrong. The villains endanger a friend of the hero Lord Kira launched his second attack by trapping the ronin in a village. This raid laid to two victims of ronin. The hero fights the villains In climax, Kai fight the supernatural beings and Oishi fight Lord Kira. The hero defeats villains The result is the protagonist wins this battle. The society is safe After beheaded Lord Kira’s head, ronin come home and Ako society is safe. The society accepts the hero Ako society and other provinces are accepting Kai as one of the hero who saved Ako province. It is more visible again when Lord Ieyashu gives salute and respect Kai and other ronin as samurai. The hero loses or gives up his special status In the final scene shows that Kai doing hara-kiri as well as the other ronin does in order to uphold the honor as a samurai. These entire sixteen narrative functions give important role to finding the ‘American Dream’ that contains in this film. The author found that entire narrative functions represent the steps of someone’s struggle to achieve recognizable position within the society. And the second stage is ‘transition theme.’ According to Wright, ‘transition theme’ describes about the transition that happened in the protagonist character (Wright, 1975). For example in 47 Ronin, after Kai got banished to a foreign ship, he adapted with his surroundings by keep fighting with other bandits which contrast with his first personality in Ako province. The last is ‘professional’ stage which means as the official position of the protagonist that gives professional identity. This is happened when Kai got recognizable position from the society of Ako province as samurai. Each of the stages that mentioned by Will Wright are interrelated and what has been e xperienced by the protagonist symbolize the definition of ‘American dream.’ According to James Truslow Adams’ book entitled The Epic of America, he states that the American dream is â€Å"a dream which life should be better for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† (Adams, 1931: 214-215). That is to say, anyone have their right for having big dreams which led them strive to realizing their dreams and how fast they could achieve it depends on the ability of each person. CONCLUSION This conclusion intends to follow up the result of this analysis. Structuralism theory that used to analyze a film entitled 47 Ronin is capable in revealing how the western film industries influence the viewers through the three stages mentioned by Will Wright. Each type of these stages articulates its own mythic version of how to achieve the American dream. The first stage is classical plot, it defines the structure of human achievement by bestowing the relationship, respect, and dignity to differentiate yourself from others. The second stage transition theme argues that companionship and love are alongside with the social status of someone and this stage also reveals how someone’s life change and get a different social status. The last stage is professional plot. This stage argues that respect and companionship are to be achieved only by becoming one of the professional groups. The member of professional group must accept any obligation, responsible of the task that is offer ed, has solidarity to the team, and not competing with the same comrades in any social values. These three stages are representing the ‘American dream’ that is influencing the society nowadays. According to Levi-Strauss, he mentioned that the myth of a society through their structure reveals the communication of a theoretical demand to the members of that society (Wright, 1975: 17). Film portrays reality and reality portrays films. Moreover, the readers should notice that the world is the stage itself and everyone is merely the player. People have their own way to achieve their goals whether they become villain to the society like in ‘transitional theme’, become the professional’ group of the society or maybe become both of them. Hopefully, this analysis can give deeper insight to the readers by knowing influences given by the media especially in a film like 47 Ronin. REFERENCES Adams, James Truslow. The Epic of America. New York: Simon Publications, 2001. Dresner, Jonathan. The Many Things 47 Ronin Gets Wrong About Shogun-Era Japan (And the One Thing It Gets Right). http://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/154304 USA: 2013. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minnesota: The University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Ellis, Kate, Ellen Guettler. A Better Life: Creating The American Dream. http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/americandream/ USA: American Public Media, 2015. Kit, Borys. Universal Pushes Back Keanu Reeves 47 Ronin. New York: The Hollywood Reporter, 2012. Levi-Strauss, Claude. Structural Anthropology. Hammondsworth: Penguin Books, 1968. Saussure, Ferdinand. Course in General Linguistics. New York: Philosophical Library, 1959. Storey, John. Cultural Theories and Popular Culture: An Introduction. 5th Ed. Pearson, 2009. Williams, Raymond. A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Rev. Ed. New York: Oxford University Press,1983. Wright, Will. Sixguns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western. California: University of California Press, 1975.

Father Steals Best: Crime in an American Family Essay

This particular story is about a family of criminals in Oregon and received attention throughout the United States and has been cited by politicians, law enforcement agencies, and researchers in criminology, and psychology. Dale Vincent â€Å"Rooster† Bogle, taught his children to steal, so that by age 10 his sons were already breaking into liquor stores or stealing tractor-trailer trucks. His daughters turned to petty crimes in order to support their drug addictions. By the time of his death in 1998, 28 of the Bogle clan had been convicted of crimes, including several of Rooster’s grandchildren. Tracey Bogle, the youngest of Rooster’s sons, is quoted as saying, â€Å"Rooster raised us to be outlaws†¦There is a domino effect in a family like ours†¦What you’re raised with, you grow to become. You don’t escape.† The Justice Department’s statistics show that approximately 47 percent of inmates in the state prisons have parents o r other close relatives who have also been incarcerated. The Justice Department believes that ignoring this family cycle of criminality may be very difficult, and end up costing tax payers an expediential amount of money. It is astonishing that given all the research that is done about other issues on criminals, there is either no research or very little research regarding this subject of family criminal activity. This I’m sure is due to the limited availability of records that contain the criminal records of multiple generations of families. It is possible that with the proper research and funding, that reducing crime today may also reduce crime in the future. Moreover, research may underestimate the effects of policies that treat or deter criminal behavior by not taking into account the effect on future generations. Although there are studies that provide some evidence of intergenerational criminal correlations, there is no real focus on identifying why this relationship exists. Criminal behavior has always been a focus for psychologists due to the age old debate between nature and nurture. Is it the responsibility of an individual’s genetic makeup that makes them a criminal or is it the environment in which they are raised that determines their outcome? There has been limited research regarding this debate which has resulted in a conclusion that both genes and environment do play a role in the criminality of an individual.

Reflection On Progressivism - 1379 Words

After completing the survey in the Introduction to Teaching textbook, I learned that my philosophy of education closely correlates with the views of progressivism. My understanding of this philosophy highlights the child as a whole and the importance of active learning that readies students for the world ahead of them. Progressivists also believe that experiences are a large part of a students learning which is why active learning is so common allowing students to learn about themselves and learn how to problem solve. Rather than believing in strict common core curriculum, progressivist believe that the interest of students should be the main source of deciding curriculum and activities. John Dewey ‘father of progressive education’ was a†¦show more content†¦A student can be involved in their education and the progress they make rather than being a bystander with a lecture style classroom and are active participants in their learning and evaluations. Overall, th e use of a progressive outlook in the classroom creates a student centered and directed environment that focuses on the student and their interests promoting growth and knowledge rather than testing and repetition. The INTASC that has always stuck out to me and would fit well into a progressive classroom was standard #2: Learning Differences. Council of Chief State School Officers define this strategy as â€Å"the teacher uses understanding of individual differences and diverse cultures and communities to ensure inclusive learning environments that enable each learner to meet high standards† (2011). With a progressive philosophy of education, the main goals are to give students an education that is personal and relates to their life. The focus of meaningful life and education can be explored and expressed in learning differences. To start the year off on a high note, I plan to meet with parents and students as an introductory meeting. These are sometimes held in group settings, but meeting face to face and allowing parents to voice their beliefs separate from peering eyes is a more personal approach. In these initial meetings, I will gather information about diversityShow MoreRelatedWhy I Should Be A Teacher1076 Words   |  5 Pageselementary education. The philosophy of teaching that I have chosen is progressivism. According to Cohen (1999), â€Å"Progressivists believe that education should focus on the whole child, rather than on the content or the teacher. This educational philosophy stresses that students should test ideas by active experimentation. Learning is rooted in the questions of learners that arise through experiencing the world.† The progressivism philosophy is known as a student-centered philosophy which focuses mainlyRead MoreEssay on Teaching: A Priceless Profession994 Words   |  4 Pagesexistentialism, and progressivism. 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(Collins Dictionary, 2014). SeveralRead MoreEssentialism is an educational philosophy in which it is important to †Å"promote and instill cultural600 Words   |  3 Pageshas set. Towards the end of the school year, the students are required to take standardized state tests which are a reflection of how well students have learned particular subjects. Therefore, it is implied that teachers adjust their teaching style to be able to meet state set criteria. However, given the choice to choose any other educational philosophy I would choose progressivism because I think that it is most effective in encouraging student involvement. I think that class discussions are veryRead MoreIdealism And Its Impact On Education1668 Words   |  7 Pagesreason why idealism is paradoxical. Idealism does not take into consideration the constantly changing variables that occur. When I took the self-evaluation reflection of my philosophy of education survey, the progressivism score was a score of 38 out of 40. As a current science teacher, the score is comprehensible to my belief. Progressivism is high and Perennialism is low with a 17. For certain, education doesn t just come from a textbook or teacher-centered discussions that alienate studentsRead MoreThe Theories, Social Transmission Versus Social Transformational Theories1548 Words   |  7 PagesStudents are transitioning out into a world lacking critical skills, and decreasing the possibility of them becoming productive citizens. Examples of important skills include but are not limited to: independent thinking, emotional intelligence, self-reflection, sensibility, and social skills. The novel Drama High is a representation of what happens when transformational educational experiences occur, and how those experiences increase the possibility of students becoming productive members of societyRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Language Development1678 Words   |  7 Pagespositive reinforcement for â€Å"correct† responses Let us now bridge the gap between nature and nurture. Learning is a developmental cognitive process, human create/construct knowledge. There are three theories involved in this process; constructivism, progressivism and language acquisition theory. We will discuss first constructivism , the following diagrams will show us. Diagram 1: Psychologist Jean Piaget proposed two kind of interaction: * Simple interactions: putting together * Emergentism: adding

Anna Arnold Hedgeman, Civil Rights Activist, Feminist

article edited with additions by Jone Johnson Lewis Dates: July 5, 1899Â  -Â  January 17, 1990Known for: African-American feminist; civil rights activist; founding member of NOW Anna Arnold Hedgeman was a civil rights activist and an early leader in the National Organization for Women. She worked throughout her life on issues such as education, feminism, social justice, poverty and civil rights. A Pioneer for Civil Rights Anna Arnold Hedgemans lifetime of accomplishments included many firsts: First black woman to graduate from Hamline University (1922) - the university now has a scholarship named for herFirst black woman to serve on a New York City mayoral cabinet (1954-1958)First black person to hold a Federal Security Agency position Anna Arnold Hedgeman was also the only woman on the executive committee that organized Martin Luther King, Jr.s famous March on Washington in 1963. Patrik Henry Bass called her instrumental in organizing the march and the conscience of the march in his book Like A Mighty Stream: The March on Washington August 28, 1963 (Running Press Book Publishers, 2002). When Anna Arnold Hedgeman realized there were going to be no female speakers at the event, she protested the minimal recognition of women who were civil rights heroes. She succeeded in persuading the committee that this oversight was a mistake, which led eventually to Daisy Bates being invited to speak that day at the Lincoln Memorial. NOW Activism Anna Arnold Hedgeman served temporarily as the first executive vice-president of NOW. Aileen Hernandez, who had been serving on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, was elected executive vice-president in absentia when the first NOW officers were selected in 1966. Anna Arnold Hedgeman served as temporary executive vice-president until Aileen Hernandez officially stepped down from the EEOC and took the NOW position in March 1967. Anna Arnold Hedgeman was the first chair of NOWs Task Force on Women in Poverty. In her 1967 task force report, she called for a meaningful expansion of economic opportunities for women and said there were no jobs or opportunities for women at the bottom of the heap to move into. Her suggestions included job training, job creation, regional and city planning, attention to high school dropouts and an end to the ignoring of women and girls in federal job and poverty-related programs. Other Activism In addition to NOW, Anna Arnold Hedgeman was involved with organizations including the YWCA, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League, the National Council of Churches Commission on Religion and Race and the National Council for a Permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission. She ran for Congress and president of the New York City Council, drawing attention to social issues even when she lost the elections. A 20th Century Life in the United States Anna Arnold was born in Iowa and grew up in Minnesota. Her mother was Mary Ellen Parker Arnold, and her father, William James Arnold II, was a businessman. The family was the only black family in Anoka, Iowa, where Anna Arnold grew up. Â  She graduated from high school in 1918, and then became the first black graduate of Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Unable to find a teaching job in Minnesota where a black woman would be hired, Anna Arnold taught in Mississippi at Rust College. She could not accept living under Jim Crow discrimination, so she returned north to work for the YWCA. She worked at black YWCA branches in four states, ending up finally in Harlem, New York City. In New York in 1933, Anna Arnold married Merritt Hedgeman, a musician and performer. Â   During the Depression, she was a consultant on racial problems for the Emergency Relief Bureau of New York City, studying near-slavery conditions of black women who worked in domestic service in the Bronx, and studying Puerto Rican conditions in the city. Â  When World War II began, she worked as a civil defense official, advocating for black workers in war industries. In 1944 she went to work for an organization advocating for fair employment practices. Â  Unsuccessful at getting fair employment legislation passed, she returned to the academic world, working as an assistant dean for women at Howard University in New York. In the 1948 election, she was executive director of the presidential re-election campaign for Harry S Truman. After he was reelected, she went to work for his government, working on issues of race and employment. Â  She was the first woman and the first African American to be part of a mayoral cabinet in New York City, appointed by Robert Wagner, Jr., to advocate for the poor. As a laywoman, she signed a 1966 black power statement by black members of the clergy which appeared in the New York Times. In the 1960s she worked for religious organizations, advocating for higher education and racial reconciliation. Â  It was in her role as a part of religious and womens communities that she advocated strongly for the participation of white Christians in the 1963 March on Washington. She wrote the books The Trumpet Sounds: A Memoir of Negro Leaership (1964) and The Gift of Chaos: Decades of American Discontent (1977).Anna Arnold Hedgeman died in Harlem in 1990.